From root: Why no mathematical symbols?
What do dashes and dots mean?
The blog uses dashed and dotted lines in different ways.
Dashes in the outlines of objects and arrows are used to indicate a temporary or implied view of the object for additional context.
Dotted lines are used to indicate continuations in various situations.
References and further reading
Cleveland, William S., and Robert McGill. 1984. “Graphical Perception: Theory, Experimentation, and Application to the Development of Graphical Methods.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 79 (387): 531–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1984.10478080.
Hardwick, Robert J. 2026. “What do the shapes mean?” umbralcalculations, November. https://umbralcalc.github.io/posts/what_do_the_shapes_mean.html.
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